Batch Operating System

It is used when we can’t directly communicate with computer. In this each user prepare his program offline and submits them to computer operator. The computer operator clicks the program which have been punched on cards and stack them together.

When a batch of programs has been collected the operator feeds this program to the computer with the help of card reader. The card reader reads the program one by one into computer memory which is then executed by CPU (central processing unit) and the result is send to the printer.

This processing is also called SERIAL SEQUENTIAL or STACK PROCESSING

In this system the programs are processed one after another and there is no user interaction during program processing.

In this operating system we use the concept of spooling

(It is the process of keeping all  data that comes from an input device or goes to the output device on either a magnetic disk or a  magnetic tape )

The speed of magnetic disk is fast as compared to the speed of different input/output devices. So, it takes less time to load program into memory and to sent the output from memory.

In this system if the program once loaded will remain memory until its execution is complete. When there is only one program in main memory two of the systems most powerful sources i.e. main memory and CPU are being utilized.

So, in order to overcome under utilization of CPU and memory we use the concept of MULTI-PROGRAMMING OS

( In Multi-programming OS more than one program can be loaded into computer’s memory at the same time. When one program is performing input or output operation the CPU can shift to the next program this leads to increase till overall speed of execution).